— Why do we place so much trust in positive predictions from experts? Because most of us prefer a sense of certainty in our daily lives. Optimistic predictions meet this need. When a financial advisor tells us, “Based on your current savings and investments plan, you’ll be in the safe zone in retirement,” we want to accept this positive claim at face value. Or, when a home valuation website…
Haywood Spangler, Ph.D., M.Div.
About Haywood Spangler, Ph.D., M.Div.
Haywood Spangler, Ph.D., M.Div., is the founder and principal of Work & Think, LLC. He helps clients make complex decisions that include a realistic understanding of uncertainty. His Spangler Ethical Reasoning Assessment® (SERA®) is used across industries and around the world, enabling individuals to combine critical thinking and values to make complex decisions. He’s a keynote speaker, a corporate consultant, a researcher, and an author. His new book is Reasoning for Business: The Inquirer’s Guide to Decision Making (Routledge, 2026). Learn more at haywoodspangler.com.