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Strategic objective E.2.
Reduce excessive military expenditures and control the availability of armaments
Actions to be taken
143. By Governments:
e. Recognizing that women and children are particularly affected by the indiscriminate use of anti-personnel land-mines:
iii. Undertake to promote assistance in mine clearance, notably by facilitating, in respect of the means of mine-clearing, the exchange of information, the transfer of technology and the promotion of scientific research;
Beijing Declaration (1995)
Paragraph 143 in these parts focuses on the clearance of mines. In some indirect way, this becomes, on face value, plausible while, at the time, with more analysis and consideration becomes even more plausible. In wars, the left over armaments, especially those intended to be left in the ground to maim and kill, create specific issues for the women and children innocently travelling within their own borders.
Innocent, even next generation, women and children maimed and killed in the midst of living their lives and travelling within their own borders. How much responsibility do these individual nations who invaded have for these recurrent and ongoing atrocities of wars and battles long dead and, sometimes, even denied if not forgotten?
For the efforts to deal with these, the focus is placed on the governments regional and, probably, international with the expertise, the tools, and the knowhow in terms of identification and removal of land-mines to protect innocents from being maimed or killed. Whether “the exchange of information, the transfer of technology and the promotion of scientific research,” there should be intergovernmental work and cooperation to deal with this serious issue for civilians of a country, including women who make this a women’s rights issue.
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- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the Preamble, Article 16, and Article 25(2).
- Convention Against Discrimination in Education (1960) in Article 1.
- The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) in Article 3, Article 7, and Article 13.
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966).
- Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979).
- Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984).
- The Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and the optional protocol (1993).
- Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995), Five-year review of progress (2000), 10-year review in 2005, the 15-year review in 2010, and the 20-year review in 2015.
- United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000), and the UN Security Council additional resolutions on women, peace and security: 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009), 1960 (2010), 2106 (2013), 2122 (2013), and 2242 (2015).
- Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2000).
- The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa or the “Maputo Protocol” (2003).
- Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence or the Istanbul Convention (2011) Article 38 and Article 39.
- UN Women’s strategic plan, 2018–2021
- 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
- 2015 agenda with 17 new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (169 targets for the end to poverty, combatting inequalities, and so on, by 2030). The SDGs were preceded by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) from 2000 to 2015.
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Meeting ID: 934-317-242
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Led by: Scott Douglas Jacobsen and Amanda Vining
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Photo by Natalya Zaritskaya on Unsplash